????(éù?÷￡o?ˉó?????1ú?????ü?ˉ?·???????-êé??êúè¨)

??????à?°à?ú2001?ê3??μ?ò?3?±???￡?ê1á?×?°í?×??′ó·??ˉ?aé????°ò???200????μ??éêˉé°àù?￡è???￡?ר?òò2?í?ü???a???éêˉ?′?ó?1?-′ó·????2￡?μ?′ó·?μ??ü??￡?×????1ê??????ú°￠??o1è???ê???

????±??ˉ????/á?í??? 1??a7êà?í￡????ê?ú?°íùó??è?ó?-í????·1?°￠??o1μ?°í?×??é?1è￡???oó?ú????×÷??′óì??÷óò???·??á???á?±|1óμ?????￡??????′μà￡o

?????°í?3???±±é?°￠ó?êˉ·?á￠??￡???°ù????ê?3?￡???é??°￡?êòê??àà??￡??ó?ù¤à?￡?′?1ú?èí????ù?¨ò2?￡ù¤à???ó???óáêˉêíù¤·?á￠??￡???°ùóà3?￡?·?éí±???￡?×üo?3éá￠?￡?±

?????a????×??ù?èê?μ?￡??íê?°í?×??′ó·??￡°í?×??êˉ??￡?ó???1ú???í?a?????￠ó??è°￠ì1?àêˉ??ò???±?á??aêà??·??ìò?ê?×???1óμ?ò?2ú?￡

????°í?×??êˉ????óú??3????·é?￡???ê??￡à°?￠ó??è?￠2¨?1???ˉ??????μ??￡1??a?°3êà?í￡?ó??è?×è?í?3ˉμ?°￠ó?í??÷·?????°￠??o1?ù?úμ?￡???·??ì′?μ??aà??￡?±?á1??a7êà?í￡??aà?ò??±ê?·??ì??????íú??μ??￡ò??§?à?êò?à′￡?°í?×??′ó·?′ó?????aê2é?????êóü?ü??úéú￡????¤á?°￠??o1μ?????·×·é?￠2×é￡±??ˉ?￡

????2001?ê3??￡???à?°à??è¨?¨á????￡???￠??á|￡???á?×ù°í?×??′ó·??¨?ù?￡??à?°àμ±ê±?×á?50í·?￡×÷?a?à?·￡??ìo??°òì?ìé?μ??ù???±?￡??è?êà??μ?·??ìí??￠??1??§?ò?￠???á?ùó?èè°?ò?ê?μ?è???￡??ò?aêà??×?′óμ?á￠·??￠??1óμ?àúê·???ˉò?2ú?a???￥??????μ???±èí′???￡

????2001?êμ×￡???à?°à??μ1ì¨￡?áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉ?￡í·μ?1ú?êר?ò??×é?í??פ°￠??o1￡??a?1????±￡?¤oí??1?1¤×÷?￡5?ê1?è￥￡????¨°í?×??′ó·?μ?o?éù??à′????áò?￡

?????°?a2?????ê??aá?±￡?¤·???￡??ü??òaμ?ê??aá?±￡?¤ò?????ò??￡?±áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉפ°￠??o1?o??è??￠è?±???ר?ò3¤?ú???ò?a?ù??±??ˉ?????μ?￡

?????ü?èàúê·ò?2úμ?1ú?ê???ˉ

????°í?×??μ?á?×ù′ó·?ê??úò???é???é?μ??ì??3éμ??￡??′óμ???×?′ó·????è?a53?×￡?????μ?′ó·???34.5?×?￡·???μ??÷ì??aé°?ò￡?ò?????μ?2???è?ê??￠??oí??2??òóé?àoí?é2??ìoí??×é3é￡?2￠?ìé??ò?à±í2?￡?ó???á??§3??￡′ó·?′￡á￠μ?é?ì?é?￡??1μ???á?′ó′ó????é??§???′?¨?￠·?íè?￡

?????ú??à?°àò??°￡?á?×?′ó·???2?ò?±?2ù??￡?????ò?×ù′ó·???íèò2±??ù?μ?￡??à?°à?ù·???oó￡??úé???°?è?′|???ü?′μ?òà??·???μ???àa￡????-′￡á￠èoé?????μ?á?×?′ó·?ò??-?ˉ?a???°????1à??ó?200?à??μ??éêˉé3àù?￡

????áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉ????°í?×??ò??￡???¨á?ò???o?′óμ?±￡?¤?￠??éé1¤3ì?￡′ó2001?ê?á??￡???×é?ˉò??-?ò°￠??o1?é3?????1ú?êר?ò1¤×÷×é?￡è￥?ê10???ù3éá￠μ?μú???ú1¤×÷×é12ó?30??3é?±￡???????°üਰ￠??o1????1ù?±￡?ò??°à′×?è?±??￠òa′óà??￠μ?1ú?￠·¨1úμ???1??§?ò?￠μ??ê?§?òoíàúê·?§?ò?￡è?±?oíμ?1ú????ê??a??1¤3ìμ??÷òa3?×ê???￡???úò??ú1¤3ì??(2002?ê?á2004?ê)￡?è?±??????í?è?ùá??ü200íò?à?a?￡

?????ˉμ′μ???ê???1ú?êר?òμ?1¤×÷′?à′??′óμ?ì????￡°í?×??μ????á??è?è?·?2?×?2?éùμ?à×￡?2?1aó??ú??ê±?ú??à?°àó?±±·?áa??????ê±á???μ?μ?à×￡?é??á?°??áaè???°￠??o1?ú??μ?μ?à×?á??ò2??ó?é¨???￡?°?ò???ú?§ía1¤×÷ê±?áó?°2è?è??±??í??￡?ú??è?ò?????μ?1¤×÷μ?μ?ê±￡?ê×?èòaóé°2è?è??±????μ?μ?????μ?à×ì?2a￡???à×oó2??ü?aê?1¤×÷?￡?±3¤?ú???ò?????????￡

?????±μ????ú￡?°í?×??μ???è?è???ó?1?μ?￡?ר?ò?????ü×?′????íμ?·￠μ??ú?￡ê?êμé?￡??íá?ê×???|2???μ?1?μ?ò2ê????êìa￡?′óííé?11μ?μ???é?6μ?￡?ê?1ù·?1??¨μ?í￡μ?ê±???￡

????à′×?è?±?μ?ר?ò?÷òa?o????2ì°í?×??êˉ????μ?±ú?-oí??·????￡?????¨?úé???é?μ??′?¨?-à′ê????oò??°é?????????μ??￡????2ì￡??′?¨à?μ?±ú?-ê??ú1??a5êà?í?á9êà?í?ú??′′×÷μ??￡óéóú?ê??ê§??￡??-à′μ?±ú?-???ú??ê￡????á?3é?￡

???????-°2??á?×ù′ó·?μ?·?íè???á????é???￡??-àú?¨ò?μ??íáòo??÷oóò?ó?ì??úμ??￡???￡·?íè?ú3???oü′óμ?á?o??￡μ±?±é??ú·é1?é???￡??éêˉ·×·×′óé???é?μ????￡?a′?￡?μ?1ú?·éá?1?üì??ù???á?a·??ò?ì????×é?ˉìá1???ê??ü￡?óéμ?1ú?ü?ó′ó1ú?ú??μ?°í?×??￡??ùóéò???òa′óà?1???????ê?1¤￡???é???oí·?íè?????ó1ì?￡à′×?òa′óà?μ?μ??ê?§?ò?úé???é?°2×°á?áa?ó×??????úμ?ì?2aò?￡???ê±?à2aé???±í??μ????ˉ?é???￡

????×??a??ê?μ?1¤×÷￡??a1?óúè?o?′|àí??200????μ?·????é???￡ó?′????μ??à?°à?ú?¨?ù·???oó￡????-à-á?40?¨3μμ??????é??μ?°í?ù?1ì1±????￡áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉפ°￠??o1?o??è?3¤?ú???ò?ò±??ˉ?¤êμ￡?è·êμó?ò???????±?±???á÷ê§á?￡?μ??°?é??2￠2???′?????μ????ù???a?±?￡

?????úμ?1ú????μ?3?×ê??￡?1ú?ê1??￡ò??·àíê??áá??êà′?o????·???μ??é?????????ˉ?￠±￡?¤oí·????￡′ó?á90????μ?êˉí·￡????á????μ?é3àù￡????-??1?ר?ò??×???·￠?ò?￠1éàà?￡3?á??éêˉò?ía￡?ר?ò???1·￠??á?3000?à??·???±í2?μ??ò?à?é???￡

??????μ?1ú??1??§?ò°?μ??é??·???ó?ééü￡?ó?ì????¨·¨???a???é??????·????á1?±í?÷￡?????μ?·???ê??ú1??a507?ê???¨μ?￡??-à′μ?ía±íê?2êé?￡?????′óμ?·??????¨ê±??ê?1??a551?ê￡?ía±í?aé?oìé??￡

???????ê?ú??′óì??÷óò???·??2???????á?á?×ù°í?×??á￠·?￡??1?a?ù?èê?á?áíò?×ù?ú???üμ???·?￡o?°3?????è?à?ù¤à???￡?ó?·?è??ù?????￡3¤?§óà3??￡?±?a×ù3¤?§óà3?(?àμ±óú300?×)μ?·???è?1?è·ó???ê?￡???ê?êà??é?×?′óμ???·??￡ó?ר?òè??a￡??a×ù·???oü?é?üò??-?ùóúμ±μ??μ·±·￠éúμ?μ???μ±???￡

????è???￡?·¨??°￠??o1??1??§?ò?ó?í??à′???à?×è??×?×?2???μ??ú°í?×???°?ò?a×ù′??μ??μ???·??￡??·￠?òμ?á?ò???·???í·2?oí??μà??±ú?￡??à?×è?à??￡???ò??-′￥??μ?á?1?·??a×ù??·?μ????íμ??§???￡

????????′ó·?μ???ìa

??????o?′ó°í?×??′ó·?±??ùμ???ò??ì￡?è?êà???í?aê?ì???ó?1?????′ó·?μ??°ìa?￡óè??ê?è?±??￠ì?1ú?a?ù??·?·??ìμ?1ú?ò￡???°í?×??′ó·?μ??ü???üê??￡3|1ò???￡ì?1ú?°×üàí?????ú?á??°￠??o1×üàí?¨???úòáμ?ê±oò￡?é??á???ó°￠??o1??????·????é??????ì?1ú￡?è?′ó·??úì?1ú??éú?￡

????ò2?íê?1ú?êé??áμ???áò1?×￠￡?ê1°￠??o1?????ü?ó??êó′ó·?μ?′|àí?êìa?￡?¨???úòá?ú?°íù°í?×??êó2ìê±??±íê?￡?′ó·?±??ùê??°°￠??o1??×?μ??????±￡?2￠·￠ê?òa???¨?aá?×?′ó·??￡°￠??o1????±íê?￡o·???μ????¨ê?°￠??o1??×?oí?aμ??ó?÷?￡

?????í?à°￠??o1è?ò2?§3?′ó·?μ????¨?￡????μ???í?ó??????￠×ú?ì??1?￡?????ê???′ó·?êó?a°￠??o1μ?àúê·???ˉò?2ú?￡è????1è??a￡????¨′ó·??éò??üò?êà???÷μ?μ?ó??í￡??aμ±μ????ó??ó?ê?è??￡

?????°è?°í?×??′ó·?????????à′ò??-3é?aò???12ê?￡?μ?1??ü?êìaê?￡o?????′?ùè￥êμ????￡??±μ±?????ê?°°í?×??′ó·?ê?·??á???¨￡?áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉפ°￠??o1?o??è?3¤?ú???ò2￠??ó???3?ò????÷è·μ?′?°??￡

????ê?êμé?￡??aê?ò???3??ú?ùòéμ??êìa?￡5?êò?à′￡??÷?????¨????·×·×±?ìáá?3?à′?￡ó?è??¨òé?úé???é???????3?á???′ó·?￡?ó?è?é??á?μòaó??ì??íá?ú?-?·é?×?3?á???′ó·???

????2003?ê￡?áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉ??°í?×??ò??·á??aêà?????ˉò?2ú?￡′?oó??×é?ˉ??μ÷￡?è?1?òa±￡á?êà?????ˉò?2úμ?3?o?￡?°í?×??ò??·?úμ??????￠1??￡±??????üê??°1???±￡?¤?￠?????±￡?2??üó?ó???2?á??¨?ì3éμ???μ????÷?￡ò2?íê??μ￡?è?1?ó???μ?2?á?è￥?¨?ìò???è???μ?°í?×??′ó·?￡?áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉ2??á3?è??????ˉò?2úμ?éí·??￡

????×??ü￡?ר?ò???aê?ì???ó?ò??????°?-??1é???±(anastylosis)μ?·?ê?è￥???′′ó·?μ????2?￡?a??·?ê??ú??éé1??￡à°?￠1????íò??￡ê±??±?1?·oê1ó??￡???-àíê???????μ??é???′′???à′￡?è?oó?ùó?éù?í??2?á?????213?￡?×????1?-????μ??-?2?￡

???????°￡?μ?1úμ???1??§?ò???????§??′ó·??é??????3á??ì??÷·????￡?a???àμ±óú?°μ??êDNA·????±μ?·?ê?￡??éò?è·?¨?????é???ú·???é?μ??????￡ר?ò?à??￡?í¨1??a??·?ê?￡?×????éò????é???′′?×éo???à′?￡

?????°?-??1é???±μ?·?ê?μ?μ?á??ì????×é?ˉμ?è??é?￡???à1ú???|??ê±±¨?·±¨μà￡?°í?×??ê?ê?3¤é3à-±èò2±è?????òóú2éó??a??·?·¨?￡??±íê?￡????¨òé?????????òáao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉìá3???ê?éê??￡?ò??a??·?·¨???¨′ó·??￡

??????1à??￡??a?áéùòa?¨·?5000íò?à?a?￡

????áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉפ°￠??o1?o??è?3¤?ú???ò????±??ˉ￡??-??1é??·?ê???è?ê?ò?????àí??μ?·?°?￡?μ?ר?ò??2éó??a??·?ê????¨′ó·???êμ?1??ó?ê?×?μ?°????￡è?o???ò?????′ó?á90??μ???êˉ?￠???áé3àù°?μ??é???????úé???é??′?ó??à′??ê?????ìa?￡′?ía￡???°í?×??′ó·????′3éê2?′?ù×ó?a?aê??ú±??¨?ù?°μ??ù×ó￡??1ê?1000?à?ê?°μ??ù×ó?a?a?a???êìa???èòaò?ò??a′??￡

?????°1?óú′ó·?×?3?μ??ù×ó￡??ò?????ü′ó??1úé?è?(???ê)μ??èê??????aò????￡êé?????μ????é??°￡?êòê??àà??ˉ￡?μ?′ó·?μ?μ×ê?ê2?′?ù×ó￡?ó?ê2?′×°ê?￡??a?????￠?ò??????ó??￡?ùò?￡?è?1?òa???¨￡?ê×?èòa°??a?????ú??????2ì??3??￡?±3¤?ú???ò?μ?￡

??????????????￡??ì????×é?ˉ???°?ú°í?×??μ?è???ê???·???μ??é??ò??°??????????????2ì?￠±￡?¤oí·????￡?¤??2008?êμ×?a??1¤×÷????ò?????￡??ìê±1ú?êר?ò1¤×÷×é???ù????2ìoí·????á1??ò°￠??o1????ìá3??÷??????μ??¨òé￡?°￠??o1?????ù?íê?·????¨′ó·??￠ò??°è?o??a?1???¨×?3????¨?￡

?????°áao?1ú?ì????×é?ˉoí1ú?êר?ò??êμ2￠2??ü???¨ê?·????¨′ó·??￡′ó·?μ??ü??￡?×?????óé°￠??o1è?×??oà′???¨?￡?±ì??°??￡?3¤?ú???ò·′?′?ò??????μ÷?aò?μ??￡

????μ±?°￡?°￠??o1??ê?òàè??ˉμ′￡???à?°à2?óàê?á|è?è??ì?á?ú±??3μ???￡?2?ê±????é§è??￡?′ê1°í?×??′ó·??ü????????à′￡?????ê?·??ü°2è?′￡á￠??2?êü?¤??·?×óμ???è?￡??ú?????′?¨??ê±￡?????°í?×??′ó·?ê?·?ê±?ú3éêì￡?°￠??o1????òa????μ??êìa?1ó?oü?à?￡

????(à′?′￡o????1ú?????ü?ˉ?·)